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A two-tailed test applied to the normal distribution. A one-tailed test, showing the p-value as the size of one tail. In statistical significance testing, a one-tailed test and a two-tailed test are alternative ways of computing the statistical significance of a parameter inferred from a data set, in terms of a test statistic. A two-tailed test ...
The peacock tail in flight, a classic example of what Amotz Zahavi proposed was a handicapped signal of male quality. [1]The handicap principle is a disputed hypothesis proposed by the Israeli biologist Amotz Zahavi in 1975.
This is an example of indirect genetic benefits received by the choosy sex, because mating with such individuals will result in high-quality offspring. The indicator traits hypothesis is split into three highly related subtopics: the handicap theory of sexual selection, the good genes hypothesis, and the Hamilton–Zuk hypothesis.
The sexy son hypothesis explains that females prefer more elaborate males and select against males that are dull in color, independent of the species' vision. [17] Similar sexual dimorphism and mating choice are also observed in many fish species. For example, male guppies have colorful spots and ornamentations, while females are generally grey ...
In statistical hypothesis testing, the alternative hypothesis is one of the proposed propositions in the hypothesis test. In general the goal of hypothesis test is to demonstrate that in the given condition, there is sufficient evidence supporting the credibility of alternative hypothesis instead of the exclusive proposition in the test (null hypothesis). [1]
Social selection is a term used with varying meanings in biology. Joan Roughgarden proposed a hypothesis called social selection as an alternative to sexual selection. Social selection is argued to be a mode of natural selection based on reproductive transactions and a two-tiered approach to evolution and the development of social behavior. [1]
A one-tailed hypothesis (tested using a one-sided test) [2] is an inexact hypothesis in which the value of a parameter is specified as being either: above or equal to a certain value, or; below or equal to a certain value. A one-tailed hypothesis is said to have directionality. Fisher's original (lady tasting tea) example was a one-tailed test ...
The theory of competitive altruism also helps one connect such behavior to the handicap principle. With competitive altruism, cooperation is considered a trait that provides a signaling benefit, and thus is subject to sexual selection. Like a peacock's tail, cooperation persists and is magnified, even though it carries a cost to the individual ...