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  2. Kelvin water dropper - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_water_dropper

    When the negatively charged water drop falls into its bucket (the left one), it gives that bucket and the attached ring (the right one) a negative charge. Once the right ring has a negative charge, it similarly attracts positive charge into the right-hand stream.

  3. Atmospheric electricity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_electricity

    Pockels (1897) estimated lightning current intensity by analyzing lightning flashes in basalt (c. 1900) [12] and studying the left-over magnetic fields caused by lightning. [13] Discoveries about the electrification of the atmosphere via sensitive electrical instruments and ideas on how the Earth's negative charge is maintained were developed ...

  4. List of lightning phenomena - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_lightning_phenomena

    Contrary to popular misconception, superbolts can be either positively or negatively charged, and the charge ratio is comparable to that of "ordinary" lightning. [19] [20] [21] Sympathetic lightning is the tendency of lightning to be loosely coordinated across long distances. Discharges can appear in clusters when viewed from space.

  5. Lightning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning

    In general, CG lightning flashes account for only 25% of all total lightning flashes worldwide. Since the base of a thunderstorm is usually negatively charged, this is where most CG lightning originates. This region is typically at the elevation where freezing occurs within the cloud. Freezing, combined with collisions between ice and water ...

  6. Lichtenberg figure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtenberg_figure

    Although the internal charge within the specimen is negative, the discharge is initiated from the positively charged exterior surfaces of the specimen, so that the resulting discharge creates a positive Lichtenberg figure. These objects are sometimes called electron trees, beam trees, or lightning trees.

  7. Electric charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge

    At the opposite extreme, if one looks at the microscopic situation, one sees there are many ways of carrying an electric current, including: a flow of electrons; a flow of electron holes that act like positive particles; and both negative and positive particles (ions or other charged particles) flowing in opposite directions in an electrolytic ...

  8. Franklin bells - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin_bells

    The negatively charged clouds before the thunderstorm make the lightning rod negatively charged, and also make the bell connected to it negatively charged. The metal ball is attracted and crashes into the fully charged bell. When the ball hits the first bell, it will be charged with the same potential and will therefore be repelled again.

  9. Lightning detector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning_detector

    A lightning detector is a device that detects lightning produced by thunderstorms. There are three primary types of detectors: ground-based systems using multiple antennas, mobile systems using a direction and a sense antenna in the same location (often aboard an aircraft), and space-based systems .