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The best known statement of the theory of nullification during this period, authored by John C. Calhoun, was the South Carolina Exposition and Protest of 1828. Calhoun asserted that the Tariff of 1828, which favored the northern manufacturing states and harmed the southern agricultural states, was unconstitutional. Calhoun argued that each ...
The South Carolina Exposition and Protest, also known as Calhoun's Exposition, was written in December 1828 by John C. Calhoun, then Vice President of the United States under John Quincy Adams and later under Andrew Jackson. Calhoun did not formally state his authorship at the time, though it was widely suspected and later confirmed.
Calhoun's "Exposition and Protest" started a national debate on the doctrine of nullification. The leading proponents [ 58 ] of the nationalistic view included Daniel Webster, Supreme Court Justice Joseph Story , Judge William Alexander Duer , John Quincy Adams, Nathaniel Chipman , and Nathan Dane .
Nullification, an outgrowth of Jeffersonian compact theory, held that any state, as part of its rights as sovereign parties to the Constitution, had the power to declare specific federal laws void within its borders if it considered the law to be unconstitutional. Therefore, under Calhoun's schema, a law required two forms of majorities: a ...
Calhoun offered the concurrent majority as the key to achieving consensus, a formula by which a minority interest had the option to nullify objectionable legislation passed by a majority interest. The consensus would be effected by this tactic of nullification, a veto that would suspend the law within the boundaries of the state. [3] [4]
Calhoun finally resigned. [16] [18] The reductions were too little for South Carolina—the "abominations" of 1828 were still there. In November 1832 the state called for a convention. By a vote of 136 to 26, the convention overwhelmingly adopted an ordinance of nullification drawn by Chancellor William Harper.
John Caldwell Calhoun (/ k æ l ˈ h uː n /; [1] March 18, 1782 – March 31, 1850) was an American statesman and political theorist who served as the seventh vice president of the United States from 1825 to 1832.
Considered an early American third party, it was started by John C. Calhoun in 1828. [ 1 ] The Nullifier Party was a states' rights party that supported strict constructionism with regards to the U.S. government's enumerated powers, holding that states could nullify federal laws within their borders.