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Really breaks down the transition from simple Minkowski diagrams, to Kruskal-Szekeres diagrams to Penrose diagrams, and goes into much detail the facts and fiction concerning wormholes. Plenty of easy to understand illustrations. A less involved, but still very informative book is his Kaufmann, William J. (1979). Black holes and warped ...
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The Penrose process (also called Penrose mechanism) is theorised by Sir Roger Penrose as a means whereby energy can be extracted from a rotating black hole. [1] [2] [3] The process takes advantage of the ergosphere – a region of spacetime around the black hole dragged by its rotation faster than the speed of light, meaning that from the point of view of an outside observer any matter inside ...
In mathematics and physics, Penrose graphical notation or tensor diagram notation is a (usually handwritten) visual depiction of multilinear functions or tensors proposed by Roger Penrose in 1971. [1] A diagram in the notation consists of several shapes linked together by lines. The notation widely appears in modern quantum theory, particularly ...
Penrose diagrams, from what I have seen, are used primarily for black holes, and some other events in space-time. (I could probably articulate something on "black hole interior" if I had time, but that is probably better covered in the article "black hole".
Roger Penrose defined the notion of closed trapped surfaces in 1965. [2] A trapped surface is one where light is not moving away from the black hole. The boundary of the union of all trapped surfaces around a black hole is called an apparent horizon. A related term trapped null surface is often used interchangeably.
In 2020, Penrose was awarded one half of the Nobel Prize in Physics by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity, a half-share also going to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our ...
The Penrose diagram showing the possible degenerations of the Petrov type of the Weyl tensor. Type I: four simple principal null directions, Type II: one double and two simple principal null directions, Type D: two double principal null directions, Type III: one triple and one simple principal null direction,