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Really breaks down the transition from simple Minkowski diagrams, to Kruskal-Szekeres diagrams to Penrose diagrams, and goes into much detail the facts and fiction concerning wormholes. Plenty of easy to understand illustrations. A less involved, but still very informative book is his Kaufmann, William J. (1979). Black holes and warped ...
The Penrose process (also called Penrose mechanism) is theorised by Sir Roger Penrose as a means whereby energy can be extracted from a rotating black hole. [1] [2] [3] The process takes advantage of the ergosphere – a region of spacetime around the black hole dragged by its rotation faster than the speed of light, meaning that from the point of view of an outside observer any matter inside ...
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In mathematics and physics, Penrose graphical notation or tensor diagram notation is a (usually handwritten) visual depiction of multilinear functions or tensors proposed by Roger Penrose in 1971. [1] A diagram in the notation consists of several shapes linked together by lines. The notation widely appears in modern quantum theory, particularly ...
A rotating black hole is a black hole that possesses angular momentum. In particular, it rotates about one of its axes of symmetry. All celestial objects – planets, stars , galaxies, black holes – spin. [1] [2] [3] The boundaries of a Kerr black hole relevant to astrophysics. Note that there are no physical "surfaces" as such.
The black hole related surfaces are color coded as in here. Left: horizons, right: ergosheres for M=1, a=9/10, ℧=2/5, Λ=1/9. At this point the black hole's outer ergosphere has joined the cosmic one to form two domes around the black hole. Unstable orbit at r=2 with the black hole and cosmic parameters as in the image above.
Roger Penrose defined the notion of closed trapped surfaces in 1965. [2] A trapped surface is one where light is not moving away from the black hole. The boundary of the union of all trapped surfaces around a black hole is called an apparent horizon. A related term trapped null surface is often used interchangeably.
The Penrose diagram showing the possible degenerations of the Petrov type of the Weyl tensor. Type I: four simple principal null directions, Type II: one double and two simple principal null directions, Type D: two double principal null directions, Type III: one triple and one simple principal null direction,