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  2. Ecological pyramid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_pyramid

    A pyramid of biomass shows the relationship between biomass and trophic level by quantifying the biomass present at each trophic level of an ecological community at a particular time. It is a graphical representation of biomass (total amount of living or organic matter in an ecosystem) present in unit area in different trophic levels.

  3. Ecological efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_efficiency

    Out of a total of 28,400 terawatt-hours (96.8 × 10 ^ 15 BTU) of energy used in the US in 1999, 10.5% was used in food production, [3] with the percentage accounting for food from both producer and primary consumer trophic levels. In comparing the cultivation of animals versus plants, there is a clear difference in magnitude of energy efficiency.

  4. Energy flow (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_flow_(ecology)

    Of all the net primary productivity at the producer trophic level, in general only 10% goes to the next level, the primary consumers, then only 10% of that 10% goes on to the next trophic level, and so on up the food pyramid. [1] Ecological efficiency may be anywhere from 5% to 20% depending on how efficient or inefficient that ecosystem is.

  5. Biomass (ecology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass_(ecology)

    An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation that shows, for a given ecosystem, the relationship between biomass or biological productivity and trophic levels. A biomass pyramid shows the amount of biomass at each trophic level. A productivity pyramid shows the production or turn-over in biomass at each trophic level.

  6. Biological rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_rules

    The pygmy mammoth is an example of insular dwarfism, a case of Foster's rule, its unusually small body size an adaptation to the limited resources of its island home.. A biological rule or biological law is a generalized law, principle, or rule of thumb formulated to describe patterns observed in living organisms.

  7. Jevons paradox - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jevons_paradox

    Inelastic Demand: A 20% increase in efficiency causes a 10% increase in travel. The Jevons paradox does not occur. The Jevons paradox does not occur. Economists have observed that consumers tend to travel more when their cars are more fuel efficient, causing a 'rebound' in the demand for fuel. [ 12 ]

  8. Maslow's hierarchy of needs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs

    Maslow's hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the shape of a pyramid, with the largest, most fundamental needs at the bottom, and the need for self-actualization and transcendence at the top. However, Maslow himself never created a pyramid to represent the hierarchy of needs. [20] [3] [21] Maslow's hierarchy of needs represented as a ...

  9. Ecosystem ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem_ecology

    Ecosystem ecology is the integrated study of living and non-living components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework. This science examines how ecosystems work and relates this to their components such as chemicals , bedrock , soil , plants , and animals .