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Liver regeneration is the process by which the liver is able to replace damaged or lost liver tissue. The liver is the only visceral organ with the capacity to regenerate. [1] [2] The liver can regenerate after partial hepatectomy or injury due to hepatotoxic agents such as certain medications, toxins, or chemicals. [3]
Some tissues such as skin, the vas deferens, and large organs including the liver can regrow quite readily, while others have been thought to have little or no capacity for regeneration following an injury. Numerous tissues and organs have been induced to regenerate. Bladders have been 3D-printed in the lab since 1999.
Spontaneous regeneration occurs in the human body naturally. The most recognised example of this is the regeneration of the liver, [16] which can regenerate up to two thirds of its mass when injured by surgical removal, ischaemia or after exposure to harmful toxins. [16] (Figure 2) Figure 2: Mechanism of liver regeneration in adult humans
In the event of an injury that damages the skin's protective barrier, the body triggers a response called wound healing. After hemostasis, inflammation white blood cells, including phagocytic macrophages arrive at the injury site. Once the invading microorganisms have been brought under control, the skin proceeds to heal itself
The discovery could help doctors better diagnose liver-related disease and determine appropriate treatment options, said Dr. Anna Mae Diehl, a hepatologist and a professor of medicine at Duke.
Diseases that interfere with liver function will lead to derangement of these processes. However, the liver has a great capacity to regenerate and has a large reserve capacity. In most cases, the liver only produces symptoms after extensive damage. Hepatomegaly refers to an enlarged liver and can be due to many causes.
In late 2021 and early 2022, a rash of severe acute hepatitis cases broke out in healthy children, puzzling doctors. Researchers now say they've identified a potential cause.
After the limb or tail has been autotomized, cells move into action and the tissues will regenerate. [15] [16] [17] In some cases a shed limb can itself regenerate a new individual. [18] Limited regeneration of limbs occurs in most fishes and salamanders, and tail regeneration takes place in larval frogs and toads (but not adults).