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Symptoms usually include one or more of the following: orthopnea (difficulty breathing while lying flat), dyspnea (shortness of breath) on exertion, pitting edema (swelling), cough, frequent night-time urination, excessive weight gain during the last month of pregnancy (1-2+ kg/week; two to four or more pounds per week), palpitations (sensation of racing heart-rate, skipping beats, long pauses ...
In regard to the population affected, myocarditis is more common in pregnant women, children, and those who are immunocompromised. [57] Myocarditis, however, has shown to be more common in the male population than in the female. [55] Multiple studies report a 1:1.3-1.7 female-male ratio of prevalence of myocarditis. [58]
Symptoms vary from none to feeling tired, leg swelling, and shortness of breath. [2] It may also result in chest pain or fainting. [2] Complications can include heart failure, heart valve disease, or an irregular heartbeat. [3] [4] Causes include genetics, alcohol, cocaine, certain toxins, complications of pregnancy, and certain infections.
Cardiomyopathy is a group of primary diseases of the heart muscle. [1] Early on there may be few or no symptoms. [1] As the disease worsens, shortness of breath, feeling tired, and swelling of the legs may occur, due to the onset of heart failure. [1]
Nature, 2024, Myocarditis associated with COVID-19 vaccination. MedrXiv, May 20, OpenSAFELY: Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in children and adolescents. Thank you for supporting our journalism.
It is an uncommon cause of unexplained heart failure in infants and children, and is one component of HEC syndrome. Fibroelastosis is strongly seen as a primary cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy in children, along with cardiac amyloidosis, which is more commonly seen in progressive multiple myeloma patients and the elderly. [citation needed]
Viral cardiomyopathy occurs when viral infections cause myocarditis with a resulting thickening of the myocardium and dilation of the ventricles. These viruses include Coxsackie B and adenovirus, echoviruses, influenza H1N1, Epstein–Barr virus, rubella (German measles virus), varicella (chickenpox virus), mumps, measles, parvoviruses, yellow fever, dengue fever, polio, rabies, and the ...
[32] [33] HAART has reduced the incidence of myocarditis thus reducing the prevalence of HIV-associated cardiomyopathy by about 30% in developed countries. [ 34 ] [ 35 ] However, the prevalence in developing countries is 32% and increasing as HAART is scarce – not to mention the effects of other risk factors such as high cholesterol and lipid ...