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Vagusstoff (literally translated from German as "Vagus Substance") refers to the substance released by stimulation of the vagus nerve which causes a reduction in the heart rate. Discovered in 1921 by physiologist Otto Loewi , vagusstoff was the first confirmation of chemical synaptic transmission and the first neurotransmitter ever discovered.
Upon leaving the medulla oblongata between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle, the vagus nerve extends through the jugular foramen, then passes into the carotid sheath between the internal carotid artery and the internal jugular vein down to the neck, chest, and abdomen, where it contributes to the innervation of the viscera, reaching all the way to the colon.
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a medical treatment that involves delivering electrical impulses to the vagus nerve.Initially developed by Dr. James Corning to compress or stimulate the carotid sheath, VNS typically refers to an implantable electrode. [1]
Estrogen also impacts norepinephrine, the neurotransmitter that regulates the fight-or-flight response, and can increase alertness. Imbalances can raise blood pressure and cause anxiety and panic.
Short, intense intervals (like sprinting for 30 seconds, then walking for 60) can help increase your aerobic capacity over time. Aim for two to three HIIT sessions per week, each lasting 20 to 30 ...
He called the unknown chemical Vagusstoff, naming it after the nerve and the German word for substance. It was later found that this chemical corresponded to acetylcholine . His experiment was iconic because it was the first to demonstrate the endogenous release of a chemical substance that could cause a response in the absence of electrical ...
Spinach helps dilate blood vessels, which can increase blood flow to the genitals. Other greens like kale, cabbage, and bok choy are good sources of folate, which helps reproductive health . Next ...
The postganglionic neuron then releases ACh to stimulate the muscarinic receptors of the target organ. Niconitic receptors transmit outgoing signals from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic cells within the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, and are the receptors used in the somatic nervous system for signalling muscular ...