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Conductivity or specific conductance of an electrolyte solution is a measure of its ability to conduct electricity. The SI unit of conductivity is siemens per meter (S/m). Conductivity measurements are used routinely in many industrial and environmental applications as a fast, inexpensive and reliable way of measuring the ionic content in a ...
m is the molar conductivity at infinite dilution (or limiting molar conductivity), which can be determined by extrapolation of Λ m as a function of √ c, K is the Kohlrausch coefficient, which depends mainly on the stoichiometry of the specific salt in solution, α is the dissociation degree even for strong concentrated electrolytes,
The conductivity of a water/aqueous solution is highly dependent on its concentration of dissolved salts, and other chemical species that ionize in the solution. Electrical conductivity of water samples is used as an indicator of how salt-free, ion-free, or impurity-free the sample is; the purer the water, the lower the conductivity (the higher ...
An electrical conductivity meter. An electrical conductivity meter (EC meter) measures the electrical conductivity in a solution. [1] It has multiple applications in research and engineering, with common usage in hydroponics, aquaculture, aquaponics, and freshwater systems to monitor the amount of nutrients, salts or impurities in the water.
Resistivity and conductivity are reciprocals: = /. Resistivity is a measure of the material's ability to oppose electric current. This formula is not exact, as it assumes the current density is totally uniform in the conductor, which is not always true in practical situations. However, this formula still provides a good approximation for long ...
Drude formula is derived in a limited way, namely by assuming that the charge carriers form a classical ideal gas. When quantum theory is considered, the Drude model can be extended to the free electron model, where the carriers follow Fermi–Dirac distribution. The conductivity predicted is the same as in the Drude model because it does not ...
An acid-base indicator such as bromophenol blue is added to make visible the boundary between the acidic HCl solution and the near-neutral CdCl 2 solution. [8] The boundary tends to remain sharp since the leading solution HCl has a higher conductivity that the indicator solution CdCl 2 , and therefore a lower electric field to carry the same ...
This minimum can be used, instead of an indicator dye, to determine the endpoint of the titration. The conductometric titration curve is a plot of the measured conductance or conductivity values as a function of the volume of the NaOH solution added. The titration curve can be used to graphically determine the equivalence point.
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