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  2. Convict leasing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convict_leasing

    The criminal justice system allegedly colluded with private planters and other business owners to entrap, convict and lease black people as prison laborers. [11] The constitutional basis for convict leasing is that the 1865 Thirteenth Amendment, while abolishing slavery and involuntary servitude generally, permits it as a punishment for crime.

  3. Prison farm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prison_farm

    Convict leasing was a system of penal labor that was primarily practiced in the Southern United States, widely involved the use of African-American men, and was prominently used after the American Civil War. In this system, southern states leased prisoners to large plantations and private mines or railways.

  4. Penitentiaries, Reformatories, and Chain Gangs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penitentiaries...

    Henry Kamerling, who reviews this book for The Florida Historical Quarterly, says that recently, historians have been focusing more on the use of chain gangs and convict leasing in the Southern United States after the American Civil War. [3] Kamerling also says that in contrast to some of these studies, Colvin has taken a different tack.

  5. Penal labour - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_labour

    It must now be read subject to section 1(1) of the Criminal Justice Act 1948. Sentences of penal servitude were served in convict prisons and were controlled by the Home Office and the Prison Commissioners. After sentencing, convicts would be classified according to the seriousness of the offence of which they were convicted and their criminal ...

  6. Penal labor in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penal_labor_in_the_United...

    Alabama practices convict leasing, in which prisoners are leased out to private companies such as McDonald’s to perform labor. [46] In a 2023 lawsuit, prisoners from the state of Alabama claimed that the state frequently made a practice of denying parole for the sole purpose of maintaining a source of profit, despite policy claiming the ...

  7. History of United States prison systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_United_States...

    Ultimately, thousands of black Southerners served long terms on chain gangs for petty theft and misdemeanors in the 1860s and 1870s, while thousands more went into the convict lease system. [266] In criminal sentencing, blacks were disproportionately sentenced to incarceration—whether to the chain gang, convict leasing operation, or ...

  8. Trusty system (prison) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trusty_system_(prison)

    The method of controlling and working inmates at Mississippi State Penitentiary at Parchman was designed in 1901 to replace convict leasing. The case Gates v. Collier ended the flagrant abuse of inmates under the trusty system and other prison abuses that had continued essentially unchanged since the building of the Mississippi State ...

  9. Central Unit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Unit

    The Central Unit (C, previously the Imperial State Prison Farm and the Central State Prison Farm) was a Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) men's prison in Sugar Land, Texas. The approximately 325.8-acre (131.8 ha) facility is 2 miles (3.2 km) from the central part of the city of Sugar Land on U.S. Highway 90A .