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There is not clear evidence whether oral electrolyte and vitamin treatments (such as magnesium, calcium, vitamin B or vitamin C) are effective in treating leg cramps during pregnancy. [22] Round Ligament pain – Round ligament pain commonly occurs in the second trimester and manifests as a sudden, sharp pain in the groin area or lower abdomen ...
During pregnancy the plasma volume increases by 40-50% and the red blood cell volume increases only by 20–30%. [22] These changes occur mostly in the second trimester and prior to 32 weeks gestation. [24] Due to dilution, the net result is a decrease in hematocrit or hemoglobin, which are measures of red blood cell concentration.
PGP affects around 45% of individuals during pregnancy: 25% report serious pain and 8% are severely disabled. [18] [19] Risk factors for complication development include multiparity, increased BMI, physically strenuous work, smoking, distress, history of back and pelvic trauma, and previous history of pelvic and lower back pain. This syndrome ...
The diagnostic criterion for pre-eclampsia is high blood pressure, occurring after 20 weeks gestation or during the second half of pregnancy. [1] Most often it occurs during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and may occur before, during, or after delivery. [1] The seizures are of the tonic–clonic type and typically last about a minute. [1]
The parts of the fetal brain that control movement will not fully form until late in the second trimester, and the first part of the third trimester. [7] Control of movement is limited at birth, and purposeful voluntary movements develop during the long period up until puberty. [ 8 ]
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder that occurs during the second trimester (after the 20th week of pregnancy) resulting from a poorly perfused placenta. [9] The World Health Organization estimates that preeclampsia and eclampsia are responsible for about 14% of maternal deaths globally (around 50,000 to 75,000 deaths annually). [10]
The hypothesis that human fetuses are capable of perceiving pain during the first trimester has little evidence, although fetuses at 14 weeks may respond to touch. [ 7 ] [ additional citation(s) needed ] A multidisciplinary systematic review from 2005 found limited evidence that thalamocortical pathways begin to function "around 29 to 30 weeks ...
Velamentous cord insertion impacts fetal development during pregnancy by impairing the development of the placenta [2] and modifying the efficiency of placental function. [17] This can manifest in a range of adverse perinatal outcomes, such as fetal growth restriction, [ 4 ] [ 5 ] placental abruption, [ 3 ] [ 6 ] [ 16 ] [ 18 ] abnormal fetal ...