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Third-wave feminism is a feminist movement that began in the early 1990s, [2] prominent in the decades prior to the fourth wave. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Grounded in the civil-rights advances of the second wave , Gen X third-wave feminists born in the 1960s and 1970s embraced diversity and individualism in women, and sought to redefine what it meant to be a ...
Fourth-wave feminism is a feminist movement that began around the early 2010s and is characterized by a focus on the empowerment of women, [1] the use of internet tools, [2] and intersectionality. [3] The fourth wave seeks greater gender equality by focusing on gendered norms and the marginalization of women in society.
[4] [86] [87] Fourth-wave feminism can be further defined by its focus on intersectionality and broadening views on gender-identity. [88] [89] Issues that fourth-wave feminists focus on include street and workplace harassment, campus sexual assault and rape culture. Scandals involving the harassment, abuse, and murder of women and girls have ...
Kira Cochrane, author of All the Rebel Women: The Rise of the Fourth Wave of Feminism, [228] defines fourth-wave feminism as a movement that is connected through technology. [229] [230] Researcher Diana Diamond defines fourth-wave feminism as a movement that "combines politics, psychology, and spirituality in an overarching vision of change." [231]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 January 2025. Series of political campaigns for reforms on feminist issues Part of a series on Feminism History Feminist history History of feminism Women's history American British Canadian German Waves First Second Third Fourth Timelines Women's suffrage Muslim countries US Other women's rights ...
Third-and fourth-wave feminists tend to view trans rights as an integral part of intersectional feminism. Former president of the American National Organization for Women (NOW) Terry O'Neill has stated that the struggle against transphobia is a feminist issue, [1] with NOW affirming that "trans women are women, trans girls are girls."
Fourth-wave feminism is a proposed extension of third-wave feminism which corresponds to a resurgence in interest in feminism beginning around 2012 and associated with the use of social media. [ 99 ] [ 100 ] According to feminist scholar Prudence Chamberlain, the focus of the fourth wave is justice for women and opposition to sexual harassment ...
Some parts of third-wave and fourth-wave mainstream feminism has also been accused of being commercialized, [7] and of focusing exclusively on issues that are less contentious in the western world today, such as women's political participation or female education access. Radical feminists sometimes criticize mainstream feminists for not ...