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The American Enlightenment was influenced by the 17th- and 18th-century Age of Enlightenment in Europe and distinctive American philosophy. According to James MacGregor Burns, the spirit of the American Enlightenment was to give Enlightenment ideals a practical, useful form in the life of the nation and its people. [1]
18th-century American philosophy may be broken into two halves, the first half being marked by the theology of Reformed Puritan Calvinism influenced by the Great Awakening as well as Enlightenment natural philosophy, and the second by the native moral philosophy of the American Enlightenment taught in American colleges. [5]
The Age of Enlightenment was a broad philosophical movement in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The traditional theological-political system that placed Scripture at the center, with religious authorities and monarchies claiming and enforcing their power by divine right, was challenged and overturned in the realm of ideas.
However, the Neapolitan Enlightenment, like Vico's philosophy, remained almost always in the theoretical field. [127] Only later, many Enlighteners animated the unfortunate experience of the Parthenopean Republic. In Milan, however, the movement strove to find concrete solutions to problems.
Samuel Johnson (October 14, 1696 – January 6, 1772) was a clergyman, educator, linguist, encyclopedist, historian, and philosopher in colonial America. He was a major proponent of both Anglicanism and the philosophies of William Wollaston and George Berkeley in the colonies, founded and served as the first president of the Anglican King's College, which was renamed Columbia University ...
Paine was born in Thetford, Norfolk, and immigrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every American Patriot read his 47-page pamphlet Common Sense , [ 6 ] [ 7 ] which catalyzed the call for independence from Great Britain.
The American Enlightenment: The Shaping of the American Experiment and a Free Society, as Revealed in the Thoughts and Writings of Our Major Philosopher-Statesmen (George Braziller, 1966) Adrienne Koch (1912-1971) by Adrienne Koch (University of Maryland, 1972, 85pp) Jefferson (Great Lives Observed) (Prentice Hall, 1971) ISBN 978-0-13-509802-8
In the 19th century, the philosophers of the 18th-century Enlightenment began to have a dramatic effect on subsequent developments in philosophy.In particular, the works of Immanuel Kant gave rise to a new generation of German philosophers and began to see wider recognition internationally.