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  2. False equivalence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_equivalence

    The following statements are examples of false equivalence: [3] "The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is no more harmful than when your neighbor drips some oil on the ground when changing his car's oil." The "false equivalence" is the comparison between things differing by many orders of magnitude: [ 3 ] Deepwater Horizon spilled 210 million US gal ...

  3. List of fallacies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies

    False equivalence – describing two or more statements as virtually equal when they are not. Feedback fallacy – believing in the objectivity of an evaluation to be used as the basis for improvement without verifying that the source of the evaluation is a disinterested party.

  4. If and only if - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/If_and_only_if

    The biconditional is true in two cases, where either both statements are true or both are false. The connective is biconditional (a statement of material equivalence), [2] and can be likened to the standard material conditional ("only if", equal to "if ... then") combined with its reverse ("if"); hence the name. The result is that the truth of ...

  5. Fallacy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallacy

    Creating a false dilemma (either-or fallacy) in which the situation is oversimplified, also called false dichotomy; Selectively using facts (card stacking) Making false or misleading comparisons (false equivalence or false analogy) Generalizing quickly and sloppily (hasty generalization) (secundum quid)

  6. List of logic symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_logic_symbols

    material biconditional (material equivalence) if and only if, iff, xnor propositional logic, Boolean algebra: is true only if both A and B are false, or both A and B are true. Whether a symbol means a material biconditional or a logical equivalence, depends on the author’s style.

  7. Material implication (rule of inference) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_implication_(rule...

    Statement: P implies Q is ... In sum, the equivalence in the case of false is only ... An example: we are given the conditional fact that if it is a bear, then it can ...

  8. CNN anchor Pamela Brown shut down Sen. Markwayne Mullin’s (R-Okla.) election comparison Thursday, saying the contrast he made between the 2016 and 2020 contests was a “false equivalence.”

  9. Contraposition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraposition

    If a statement's inverse is false, then its converse is false (and vice versa). If a statement's negation is false, then the statement is true (and vice versa). If a statement (or its contrapositive) and the inverse (or the converse) are both true or both false, then it is known as a logical biconditional.