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Iron metallurgy in Africa concerns the origin and development of ferrous metallurgy on the African continent.Whereas the development of iron metallurgy in North Africa and the Horn closely mirrors that of the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean region, the three-age system is ill-suited to Sub-Saharan Africa, where copper metallurgy generally does not precede iron working. [1]
The history of African metallurgy is a testament to the ingenuity and resilience of African societies. From the earliest use of copper and iron to the complex metallurgical traditions that supported powerful states and vibrant trade networks, metalworking has been integral to Africa's social, economic, and cultural development .
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this message) ArcelorMittal South Africa is part of the steel company Arcelor-Mittal. The company was originally Iscor Ltd., a South African parastatal steel company ...
Examples of African bloomery furnace types. Besides being masters in iron, Africans were masters in brass, copper, and bronze. Ife showed artistic mastery in their striking naturalistic statues of brass and copper, a lost wax tradition beginning in the 11-12th centuries. Ife was also a manufacturer of glass and glass beads. [71]
The efficiency of the blast furnace was improved by the change to hot blast, patented by James Beaumont Neilson in Scotland in 1828. [90] This further reduced production costs. Within a few decades, the practice was to have a 'stove' as large as the furnace next to it into which the waste gas (containing CO) from the furnace was directed and burnt.
The Furnace is a 2020 Australian adventure drama film written and directed by Roderick MacKay. Set in the Western Australian outback during the goldrushes of the 1890s, the film's characters include "Afghan" cameleers , a white gold thief, and local Aboriginal people.
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At Kabuye IV, a furnace crucible from 240 to 400 AD shows the earliest evidence of iron smelting at this region. Kabuye III has a crucible dating to 420-600 AD and Kabuye II has a crucible dating to 560-690 AD. The sample from Kabuye II was taken from a sealed pot at the base of the crucible. [3] Cereal pollens were found at all three sites.