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Diagram illustrating skull elements from Irritator (bottom) and other spinosaurids, comparing the relative positions of the external nares, or bony nostrils, (labeled e.n.) In 1998, Sereno and colleagues defined two subfamilies within the Spinosauridae based on craniodental (skull and tooth) characteristics.
Traditionally, Spinosauridae is divided into two subfamilies: Spinosaurinae, which contains the genera Icthyovenator, Irritator, Oxalaia, Sigilmassasaurus and Spinosaurus, is marked by unserrated, straight teeth, and external nares which are further back on the skull than in baryonychines, [10] [51] and Baryonychinae, which contains the genera ...
Most species of birds have external nares located somewhere on their beak. The nares are two holes—circular, oval or slit-like in shape—which lead to the nasal cavities within the bird's skull, and thus to the rest of the respiratory system. [10] (p375) In most bird species, the nares are located in the basal third of the upper mandible.
A Warnier/Orr diagram (also known as a logical construction of a program/system) is a kind of hierarchical flowchart that allows the description of the organization of data and procedures. They were initially developed 1976, [ 1 ] in France by Jean-Dominique Warnier [ 2 ] and in the United States by Kenneth Orr [ 3 ] on the foundation of ...
The back edges of the external nares are formed by the upwards-directed processes of the maxillae, gracile, triradiate bones behind the premaxillae. [3] While initially interpreted as not forming part of the narial border in the holotype, [2] further specimens revealed that the nasals, which run along the top of the snout, do participate in the ...
The external nares (nostril openings) of Protoichthyosaurus are large and roughly triangular in shape. In some specimens, [ 11 ] none of their borders are formed by the maxillae (back upper tooth-bearing bones) as they are cut off by the premaxillae (front upper tooth-bearing bones) and lacrimals (paired bones in front of the eye sockets). [ 2 ]
A national study discovered that teens in the United States consumed significantly less alcohol and drugs in 2024 compared to past years. Teen alcohol use has steadily decreased from 2000 to 2024 ...
A function analysis diagram (FAD) is a method used in engineering design to model and visualize the functions and interactions between components of a system or product. It represents the functional relationships through a diagram consisting of blocks, which represent physical components, and labeled relations/arrows between them, which represent useful or harmful functional interactions.