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The period between the Pacification of Ghent (8 November 1576), and the Unions of Arras (6 January 1579) and Utrecht (23 January 1579) constituted a crucial phase of the Eighty Years' War (c. 1568 –1648) between the Spanish Empire and the rebelling United Provinces, which would become the independent Dutch Republic.
Groenveld (2009) regarded 1572–1576 as one of the most violent periods of the Eighty Years' War. [ note 1 ] By contrast, the 1576–1579 phase represented 'three years of moderation'. [ 7 ] Mulder et al. (2008) chose a different periodisation for the years 1572 to 1576: "Oppression and resistance, 1567–1573" and "The North on the way to ...
The period between the Capture of Brielle (1 April 1572) and the Pacification of Ghent (8 November 1576) was an early stage of the Eighty Years' War (c. 1568 –1648) between the Spanish Empire and groups of rebels in the Habsburg Netherlands.
The rebels, who initiated their first actions of physical force during the Beeldenstorm (August–October 1566, initially mostly directed at Catholic Church property rather than governmental forces) started out as disparate riotous mobs of poorly armed and poorly trained but well-organised Calvinists, originally predominantly from industrial centres in western Flanders. [3]
On 4 November 1576, mutinying Spanish tercios of the Army of Flanders began the sack of Antwerp, leading to three days of horror among the population of the city, which was the cultural, economic and financial center of the Low Countries. The savagery of the sack led the provinces of the Low Countries to unite against the Spanish crown.
The historiography of the Eighty Years' War examines how the Eighty Years' War has been viewed or interpreted throughout the centuries.Some of the main issues of contention between scholars include the name of the war (most notably "Eighty Years' War" versus "Dutch Revolt" [1]), the periodisation of the war (particularly when it started, which events to include or exclude, and whether the ...
The siege of Zierikzee was a siege in the Eighty Years' War between October 1575 and July 1576. ... The Low Countries in 1576 just after the taking of Zierikzee.
The Massacre of Naarden was an episode of mass murder and looting that took place in the Dutch city of Naarden during the Eighty Years' War. [2] The massacre was committed by Spanish soldiers under the command of Fadrique Álvarez de Toledo against the townspeople of Naarden as part of a punitive expedition against Dutch rebels later known as the Spanish Fury.