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Calcium chloride was apparently discovered in the 15th century but wasn't studied properly until the 18th century. [11] It was historically called "fixed sal ammoniac" (Latin: sal ammoniacum fixum [12]) because it was synthesized during the distillation of ammonium chloride with lime and was nonvolatile (while the former appeared to sublime); in more modern times (18th-19th cc.) it was called ...
Road salt (also known as de-icing salt or snow salt) is a salt used mainly as an anti-slip agent in winter road conditions, but also to prevent dust and snow build-up on roads. [1] Various kinds of salts are used as road salt, but calcium chloride and sodium chloride (rock salt) are among the most common.
De-icing salts such as sodium chloride or calcium chloride leach into natural waters, strongly affecting their salinity. [1] Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol are known to exert high levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) during degradation in surface waters. This process can adversely affect aquatic life by consuming oxygen needed by ...
Compass Minerals’ Salt Segment mines, produces, processes and distributes sodium chloride and magnesium chloride in North America and the U.K. The segment’s largest business is highway deicing, which primarily sells bulk rock salt to states, provinces, counties, municipalities and road maintenance contractors for ice control on public roadways.
A variety of empty glass drying tubes. When used, they are packed with a desiccant, usually calcium chloride. A drying tube or guard tube is a tube-like piece of apparatus used to house a disposable solid desiccant, wherein at one end the tube-like structure terminates in a ground glass joint for use in connecting the drying tube to a reaction vessel, for the purpose of keeping the vessel free ...
In a chloride concentration study carried out in Wisconsin during a winter de-icing period, runoff from roadside drainages was analyzed. All studies indicated that the chloride concentration increased as a result of de-icing activities, but the levels were still below the MCL of 250 mg/L set by the EPA.
In non-aviation contexts, de-icing chemicals typically contain chloride salts, such as calcium chloride (Ca Cl 2). These are prohibited in aircraft deicing fluids due to their corrosive properties. Based on chemical analysis, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has identified five main classes of additives widely used among manufacturers:
As calcium chloride is a soluble salt, the reaction cannot occur and the chemical equilibrium regresses to the left side of the reaction. So, a question arises: can NaCl or KCl from deicing salts still possibly play a role in the alkali-silica reaction? Na + and K + cations in themselves cannot attack silica (the culprit is their counter ion OH −