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In electrodynamics, circular polarization of an electromagnetic wave is a polarization state in which, at each point, the electromagnetic field of the wave has a constant magnitude and is rotating at a constant rate in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
Circular polarizer/linear analyzer [1] filtering unpolarized light and then circularly polarizing the result. A polarizing filter or polarising filter (see spelling differences) is a filter that is often placed in front of a camera lens in photography in order to darken skies, manage reflections, or suppress glare from the surface of lakes or the sea.
Linear polarization was standard into the 1980s and beyond. In the 2000s, computer animation, digital projection, and the use of sophisticated IMAX 70 mm film projectors, have created an opportunity for a new wave of polarized 3D films. [15] In the 2000s, RealD Cinema and MasterImage 3D were introduced, both using circular polarization.
A homogeneous circular polarizer can be created by sandwiching a linear polarizer between two quarter-wave plates. [12] Specifically we take the circular polarizer described previously, which transforms circularly polarized light into linear polarized light, and add to it a second quarter-wave plate rotated 90° relative to the first one.
Circular polarization can be created by sending linearly polarized light through a quarter-wave plate oriented at 45° to the linear polarization to create two components of the same amplitude with the required phase shift. The superposition of the original and phase-shifted components causes a rotating electric field vector, which is depicted ...
Birefringence and other polarization-based optical effects (such as optical rotation and linear or circular dichroism) can be observed by measuring any change in the polarization of light passing through the material.
The Imbert–Fiodaraŭ effect (named after Fiodar Ivanavič Fiodaraŭ (1911–1994) and Christian Imbert (1937–1998) [1] is an optical phenomenon in which a beam of circularly or elliptically polarized light undergoes a small sideways shift when refracted or totally internally reflected. The sideways shift is perpendicular to the plane ...
Its input polarization must be linear. Resulting output polarization is rotating linear polarization. Likewise, circular polarization can be depolarized with a rotating quarterwave plate. Output polarization is again linear. If a halfwave and a quarterwave plate are concatenated and rotate at different speeds, any input polarization is depolarized.