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Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a condition that occurs when the bundle of nerves below the end of the spinal cord known as the cauda equina is damaged. [2] Signs and symptoms include low back pain, pain that radiates down the leg, numbness around the anus, and loss of bowel or bladder control. [1]
The most common symptoms are localized unilateral low back pain, though up to anywhere between 40 and 82% of patients may complain of leg symptoms – pain or dysethesia. [ 5 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] The onset of pain can vary, with some patients report sudden onset of pain with a known inciting incident. [ 13 ]
The first symptoms of stenosis include bouts of low back pain. After a few months or years, this may progress to claudication. The pain may be radicular, following the classic neurologic pathways. This occurs as the spinal nerves or spinal cord become increasingly trapped in a smaller space within the canal.
Discitis, or diskitis, is an infection in the intervertebral disc space that affects different age groups. Symptoms include severe back pain, leading to lack of mobility. In adults, it can lead to severe consequences, such as sepsis or epidural abscess, but it can also spontaneously resolve, especially in children under 8 years of age.
The symptoms of low back pain usually improve within a few weeks from the time they start, with 40–90% of people recovered by six weeks. [2] In most episodes of low back pain a specific underlying cause is not identified or even looked for, with the pain believed to be due to mechanical problems such as muscle or joint strain.
Weight loss, to relieve symptoms and slow the progression of the stenosis; Physical therapy to support self-care. [37] Also may give instructions on stretching and strength exercises that may lead to a decrease in pain and other symptoms. Lumbar epidural steroid or anesthetic injections have low quality evidence to support their use. [36] [38]
The second lumbar spinal nerve (L2) [2] originates from the spinal column from below the lumbar vertebra 2 (L2). L2 supplies many muscles, either directly or through nerves originating from L2. They may be innervated with L2 as single origin, or be innervated partly by L2 and partly by other spinal nerves. The muscles are: quadratus lumborum ...
The effects of injuries at or above the lumbar or sacral regions of the spinal cord (lower back and pelvis) include decreased control of the legs and hips, genitourinary system, and anus. People injured below level L2 may still have use of their hip flexor and knee extensor muscles. [47] Bowel and bladder function are regulated by the sacral ...