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⍺ c-commands β iff every maximal projection dominating ⍺ dominates β. This became known as "m-command." The tree to the right compares the two definitions in this stage. Reinhart's "c-command" focuses on the branching nodes whereas Chomsky's "m-command" focuses on the maximal projections. [13]
C-command is a configurational notion that acknowledges the syntactic configuration as primitive. Basic subject - object asymmetries, which are numerous in many languages, are explained by the fact that the subject appears outside of the finite verb phrase (VP) constituent, whereas the object appears inside it.
This means that for example in a structure like the following, A m-commands B, but B does not m-command A: In addition, barrier is defined as follows: [9] A barrier is any node Z such that Z is a potential governor for B and; Z c-commands B and; Z does not c-command A; The government relation makes case assignment unambiguous.
The condition of c-command on chain links posits a restriction regarding the movement of intermediate projections, unlike the Uniformity Condition. Last Resort is a property of Move: feature may move to its target only if the moved feature enters a checking relation with a feature of the head it is moving to. [9] For example, D may move to SPEC ...
An anaphor is considered to be free when it is not c-commanded or co-indexed. [5] A node is c-commanded if a sister node of the first node dominates it, (i.e. node X c-commands node Y if a sister of X dominates Y). A node is co-indexed if the DPs in question both are indexed by a matching subscript letter, as seen in the DPs of (2) a. and (2) b.
In linguistics, antisymmetry, is a theory of syntax described in Richard S. Kayne's 1994 book The Antisymmetry of Syntax [1].Building upon X-bar theory, it proposes a universal, fundamental word order for phrases across languages: specifier-head-complement.
M-command is a broader relation than c-command, since a node m-commands every node that it c-commands, as well as the specifier of the phrase that it heads. Like c-command, m-command is defined over constituency-based trees and plays no role in frameworks which adopt a different notion of syntactic structure.
C ∅ The Lexical Item for clause-typing is a phonologically null C ∅. By hypothesis, all sentences are clauses (CPs), so the root clause The girl ate the food is analyzed as CP. Given the assumption that all phrases are headed (endocentric), CP must be headed by C. C selects TP, notated as C T .