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The use of ultrasonography in a medical application was first used in the late 1940s in the United States. This use was soon followed in other countries with further research and development being carried out. The first report on Doppler ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for vascular disease was published in 1967–1968.
Absence of the portal system in a first trimester case associated with hygroma and aorto-umbilical fistula. (A): Transverse plane of the upper abdomen with color Doppler applied, showing umbilical cord insertion, stomach, the prominent hepatic artery and no afferent liver venous perfusion; (B): midsagittal plane reconstructed from a three-dimensional volume acquisition were the crown-rump ...
Coronal plane, seen from medial side of lower leg, showing thrombosis of the fibular veins, with hyperechoic content and only marginal blood flow. Ultrasonography in suspected deep vein thrombosis focuses primarily on the femoral vein and the popliteal vein , because thrombi in these veins are associated with the greatest risk of harmful ...
Medical ultrasound includes diagnostic techniques (mainly imaging techniques) using ultrasound, as well as therapeutic applications of ultrasound. In diagnosis, it is used to create an image of internal body structures such as tendons, muscles, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs, to measure some characteristics (e.g., distances and velocities) or to generate an informative audible sound.
Doppler ultrasound is preferable rather than venography to access the competence of the veins. Local sepsis of the lower limbs is contraindicated for this procedure. Low osmolar contrast agent with concentration of 240 mg/ml is preferable in this study. Before the procedure, oedematous leg, if any, should be elevated overnight to reduce the oedema.
Medical ultrasound uses high frequency broadband sound waves in the megahertz range that are reflected by tissue to varying degrees to produce (up to 3D) images. This is commonly associated with imaging the fetus in pregnant women.
A Doppler ultrasound blood flow detector, commonly called Doppler wand or Doppler probe, and a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) are usually needed. The blood pressure cuff is inflated proximal to the artery in question. Measured by the Doppler wand, the inflation continues until the pulse in the artery ceases.
The sound waves are emitted from the catheter tip, are usually in the 20-40 MHz range, and the catheter also receives and conducts the return echo information out to the external computerized ultrasound equipment which constructs and displays a real time ultrasound image of a thin section of the blood vessel currently surrounding the catheter ...