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Gothic rib vault ceiling of the Saint-Séverin church in Paris Interior elevation view of a Gothic cathedral, with rib-vaulted roof highlighted. In architecture, a vault (French voûte, from Italian volta) is a self-supporting arched form, usually of stone or brick, serving to cover a space with a ceiling or roof.
A rib vault or ribbed vault is an architectural feature for covering a wide space, such as a church nave, composed of a framework of crossed or diagonal arched ribs. Variations were used in Roman architecture , Byzantine architecture , Islamic architecture , Romanesque architecture , and especially Gothic architecture .
The highest medieval stone vault in England is at Westminster Abbey at 102 feet (31 m), [5] that at York Minster being of the same height but despite its appearance, not actually of stone, but wood. The majority of English cathedrals have vaults ranging in height from 20 to 26 metres (66 to 85 ft). [ 2 ]
Groin vault – An architecture groin vault is formed when two barrel vaults intersect. The undersurface, or soffit, may be generated from a series of pointed, rather than round, arches. Also known as a cross vault. An architecture vault produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel (tunnel) vaults.
The stone domes of the Circassian Mamluks in the 15th century benefited from the experimentation of the 14th century. Pendentives and pendentive-squinches placed above square bases became standard. [225] The stone dome of the Mausoleum of Farag Ibn Barquq (1398–1411) was exceptionally large at 16 meters wide and 12.8 meters tall. [220]
The rib vault quickly replaced the Romanesque barrel vault in the construction of cathedrals, palaces, and other large structures. In a barrel vault, the round arch over the nave pressed down directly onto the walls, which had to be very thick, with few windows, to support the weight. In the rib vault, the thin stone ribs of the pointed arches ...
The first step in the construction of a vault was the construction of a wooden scaffold up to the level of the top of the supporting columns. Next, a precise wooden frame was constructed on top of the scaffold in the exact shape of the ribs. The stone segments of the ribs were then carefully laid into the frame and cemented.
12th-century Romanesque nave of Durham Cathedral with rib vaulting. Medieval architecture was the art and science of designing and constructing buildings in the Middle Ages. The major styles of the period included pre-Romanesque, Romanesque, and Gothic.