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While Megasthenes's account of India has survived in the later works, little is known about him as a person. He spent time at the court of Sibyrtius, who was a satrap of Arachosia under Antigonus I and then Seleucus I. [2] Megasthenes was then an ambassador for Seleucid king Seleucus I Nicator and to the court of the Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya in Pataliputra (modern Patna).
Megasthenes also comments on the presence of pre-Socratic views among the Brahmans in India and Jews in Syria. Five centuries later Clement of Alexandria, in his Stromateis , may have misunderstood Megasthenes to be responding to claims of Greek primacy by admitting Greek views of physics were preceded by those of Jews and Indians.
According to the later writer Megasthenes (c. 300 BCE), Pataliputra (Greek: Palibothra) was located in the country of the Prasii, which further confirms that Pataliputra was the Nanda capital. [1] The Nanda empire appears to have stretched from present-day Punjab in the west to Odisha in the east. [3]
Pataliputra (IAST: Pāṭaliputra), adjacent to modern-day Patna, Bihar, [1] was a city in ancient India, originally built by Magadha ruler Ajatashatru in 490 BCE, as a small fort (Pāṭaligrāma) near the Ganges river.
Megasthenes in particular was a notable Greek ambassador in the court of Chandragupta Maurya. [76] His book Indika is a major literary source for information about the Mauryan Empire. According to Arrian , ambassador Megasthenes (c. 350 – c. 290 BCE) lived in Arachosia and travelled to Pataliputra . [ 77 ]
It is thought that it is the palissade seen by Megasthenes during his visit to Pataliputra. [3] Strabo in his Geographia, quoting Megasthenes: "At the confluence of the Ganges and of another river is situated Palibothra, in length 80, and in breadth 15 stadia. It is in the shape of a parallelogram, surrounded by a wooden wall pierced with ...
Pataliputra capital front and side view. Bihar Museum.. The top is made of a band of rosettes, eleven in total for the fronts and four for the sides.Below that is a band of bead and reel pattern, then under it a band of waves, generally right-to-left, except for the back where they are left-to-right.
The Hindu text of the Yuga Purana, which describes Indian historical events in the form of a prophecy, [53] [note 1] relates the attack of the Indo-Greeks on the Shunga capital Pataliputra, a magnificent fortified city with 570 towers and 64 gates according to Megasthenes, [55] and describes the impending war for city: