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A 2000 literature review found that antibiotic treatment shortens the duration and severity of TD; most reported side effects were minor, or resolved on stopping the antibiotic. [35] The antibiotic recommended varies based upon the destination of travel. [36]
Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and an increased risk of sunburn. [1] Use during pregnancy is not recommended. [1] Like other agents of the tetracycline class, it either slows or kills bacteria by inhibiting protein production. [1] [4] It kills malaria by targeting a plastid organelle, the apicoplast. [5] [6]
The salicylic acid is absorbed and therapeutical concentrations of salicylic acid can be found in blood after bismuth subsalicylate administration. Bismuth oxychloride and bismuth hydroxide are both believed to have bactericidal effects, as is salicylic acid for enterotoxigenic E. coli, a common cause of "traveler's diarrhea". [5]
Meta-analyses have concluded that probiotics may protect against antibiotic-associated diarrhea in both children and adults. [2] [3] Evidence is insufficient, however, regarding an effect on rates of C. difficile colitis. [4] The efficacy of probiotic AAD prevention is dependent on the probiotic strain(s) used and on the dosage.
Antibiotics by class Generic name Brand names Common uses [4] Possible side effects [4] Mechanism of action Aminoglycosides; Amikacin: Amikin: Infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Effective against aerobic bacteria (not obligate/facultative anaerobes) and ...
It is a common cause of diarrhea in those who are hospitalized and is frequently associated with antibiotic use. [32] Staphylococcus aureus infectious diarrhea may also occur in those who have used antibiotics. [33] Acute "traveler's diarrhea" is usually a type of bacterial gastroenteritis, while the persistent form is usually parasitic. [34]