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Lyme disease, also known as Lyme borreliosis, is a tick-borne disease caused by species of Borrelia bacteria, transmitted by blood-feeding ticks in the genus Ixodes. [4] [9] [10] The most common sign of infection is an expanding red rash, known as erythema migrans (EM), which appears at the site of the tick bite about a week afterwards. [1]
Borrelia burgdorferi is a bacterial species of the spirochete class in the genus Borrelia, and is one of the causative agents of Lyme disease in humans. [1] [2] Along with a few similar genospecies, some of which also cause Lyme disease, it makes up the species complex of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.
B. burgdorferi is a microaerophilic organism, requiring little oxygen to survive. Unlike most bacteria, B. burgdorferi does not use iron, hence avoiding the difficulty of acquiring iron during infection. [48] It lives primarily as an extracellular pathogen.
All species that cause Lyme disease are referred to collectively as B. burgdorferi sensu lato, [10] while B. burgdorferi itself is specified as B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. [10] [21] B. burgdorferi was previously believed to be the only species to cause Lyme disease in the US, but B. bissettiae and a new species called B. mayonii cause Lyme ...
Lyme disease is an infectious disease that’s found around the world—in the US it’s most commonly caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, and cousins of this bacteria, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia afzelii are causes of Lyme disease in Europe and Asia. And new ones are still being found.
A pressure group called the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS) [29] says that the persistence of B. burgdorferi may be responsible for manifestations of chronic Lyme disease symptoms. False chronic Lyme disease diagnoses are frequently justified due to non-specific symptoms that are common in the population. [2]
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However, B. mayonii also has additional symptoms differentiating it from B. burgdorferi, such as nausea, vomiting, macular rash, and neurological symptoms. [1] To identify infection with B. mayonii , blood smears , slides with blood samples on them for use with a microscope , [ 9 ] may be used.