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It was not until 1715 that a general method for constructing these series for all functions for which they exist was finally published by Brook Taylor, [8] after whom the series are now named. The Maclaurin series was named after Colin Maclaurin, a Scottish mathematician, who published a special case of the Taylor result in the mid-18th century.
A Laurent series is a generalization of the Taylor series, allowing terms with negative exponents; it takes the form = and converges in an annulus. [6] In particular, a Laurent series can be used to examine the behavior of a complex function near a singularity by considering the series expansion on an annulus centered at the singularity.
This expansion is a Maclaurin series, so the n th cumulant can be obtained by differentiating the above expansion n times and evaluating the result at zero: [1] = (). If the moment-generating function does not exist, the cumulants can be defined in terms of the relationship between cumulants and moments discussed later.
Furthermore, every polynomial is its own Maclaurin series. The exponential function is analytic. Any Taylor series for this function converges not only for x close enough to x 0 (as in the definition) but for all values of x (real or complex). The trigonometric functions, logarithm, and the power functions are analytic on any open set of their ...
The left-hand side is the Maclaurin series expansion of the right-hand side. Alternatively, the equality can be justified by multiplying the power series on the left by 1 − x, and checking that the result is the constant power series 1 (in other words, that all coefficients except the one of x 0 are equal to 0). Moreover, there can be no ...
In mathematics, the branch of real analysis studies the behavior of real numbers, sequences and series of real numbers, and real functions. [1] Some particular properties of real-valued sequences and functions that real analysis studies include convergence , limits , continuity , smoothness , differentiability and integrability .
Maclaurin attributed the series to Brook Taylor, though the series was known before to Newton and Gregory, and in special cases to Madhava of Sangamagrama in fourteenth century India. [6] Nevertheless, Maclaurin received credit for his use of the series, and the Taylor series expanded around 0 is sometimes known as the Maclaurin series. [7]
Power series are useful in mathematical analysis, where they arise as Taylor series of infinitely differentiable functions. In fact, Borel's theorem implies that every power series is the Taylor series of some smooth function. In many situations, the center c is equal to zero, for instance for Maclaurin series.