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Teeth displaying enamel hypoplasia lines, linear defects of enamel that form during crowns development as a result of periods of nutritional stress or disease during infancy and childhood Enamel hypoplasia is a risk factor for dental caries in children including early childhood caries (ECC), which continues to be a burden for many children.
Enamel defects caused by an undiagnosed and untreated celiac disease. [9] Some mild forms of amelogenesis imperfecta and enamel hypoplasia; Enamel defects caused by infection of a primary tooth predecessor; Dental caries: Fluorosis-resembling enamel defects are often misdiagnosed as dental caries. [10]
Meanwhile, the minerals in saliva (calcium and phosphate) together with fluoride are repairing the enamel. [3] Dental caries is a chronic disease that can be prevented and show strongly in 6- to 11-year-old children and 12- to 19-year-old adolescents. 9 out of 10 adults are affected with some type of tooth decay.
Enamel hypocalcification is the inadequate deposition of inorganic ions, resulting in the appearance of translucency, white-chalky spots, and yellow-brown discoloration on the surface of the tooth associated with increased sensitivity and a higher risk of developing dental caries. [2] Enamel hypocalcification is a multifactorial disease that ...
Enamel hypoplasia is a developmental defect of enamel that occurs during tooth development, mainly pre-natal or during early childhood. Teeth affected by enamel hypoplasia are at a higher risk of caries since there is an increased loss of minerals and therefore the tooth surface is able to breakdown more easily in comparison to a non ...
Plane-form enamel hypoplasia is a dental condition that is distinguished by defects in the teeth enamel, that can occur due to genetic or environmental factors. It is common for the disease to occur during the developmental stages of the teeth, and childhood illnesses, such as respiratory infections, are often linked to disturbance of the enamel formation [5] [6].
As the enamel loses minerals, and dental caries progresses, the enamel develops several distinct zones, visible under a light microscope. From the deepest layer of the enamel to the enamel surface, the identified areas are the: translucent zone, dark zones, body of the lesion, and surface zone. [77]
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (Gunther disease) is a rare congenital form of porphyria, and may be associated with red or brown discolored teeth. [1] [12] Hyperbilirubinemia during the years of tooth formation may make bilirubin incorporate into the dental hard tissues, causing yellow-green or blue-green discoloration. [1]