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An oligopoly (from Ancient Greek ὀλίγος (olígos) 'few' and πωλέω (pōléō) 'to sell') is a market in which pricing control lies in the hands of a few sellers. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] As a result of their significant market power, firms in oligopolistic markets can influence prices through manipulating the supply function .
Sweezy argued that an ordinary demand curve does not apply to oligopoly markets and promotes a kinked demand curve. From Queen's College in Oxford , Robert Lowe Hall and Charles J. Hitch wrote "Price Theory and Business Behavior," presenting similar ideas but including more rigorous empirical testing, including a business survey of 39 ...
The graph below depicts the kinked demand curve hypothesis which was proposed by Paul Sweezy who was an American economist. [29] It is important to note that this graph is a simplistic example of a kinked demand curve. Kinked Demand Curve. Oligopolistic firms are believed to operate within the confines of the kinked demand function.
In microeconomics, the Bertrand–Edgeworth model of price-setting oligopoly looks at what happens when there is a homogeneous product (i.e. consumers want to buy from the cheapest seller) where there is a limit to the output of firms which are willing and able to sell at a particular price. This differs from the Bertrand competition model ...
Oligopoly: The number of enterprises is small, entry and exit from the market are restricted, product attributes are different, and the demand curve is downward sloping and relatively inelastic. Oligopolies are usually found in industries in which initial capital requirements are high and existing companies have strong foothold in market share.
The monopoly price is the for which this curve intersects the line =, while the duopoly price is given by the intersection of the curve with the steeper line =. Regardless of the shape of the curve, its intersection with u = 2 p {\displaystyle u=2p} occurs to the left of (i.e., at a lower price than) its intersection with u = p {\displaystyle u ...
An oligopoly usually has economic profit also, but operates in a market with more than just one firm (they must share available demand at the market price). Economic profit is, however, much more prevalent in uncompetitive markets such as in a perfect monopoly or oligopoly situation.
However, if firms have an upward-sloping marginal cost curve, they can earn marginal on infra-marginal sales, which contributes to recouping fixed costs. [ 7 ] There is a big incentive to cooperate in the Bertrand model; colluding to charge the monopoly price, p m {\displaystyle p_{m}} , and sharing the market equally, p m n {\displaystyle ...