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Nitrates used in agricultural fertilizers may leak into the ground and may contaminate well water. The current EPA standard of 10 ppm nitrate-nitrogen for drinking water is specifically set to protect infants. [13] Benzocaine applied to the gums or throat (as commonly used in baby teething gels, or sore throat lozenges) can cause methemoglobinemia.
A methemoglobin level > 1.5 g/dL causes cyanosis. The most common congenital cause is a deficiency in the enzyme cytochrome b5 reductase which reduces methemoglobin in the blood. [22] However, in infants the most common cause of methemoglobinemia is acquired through the ingestion of nitrates (NO − 3) through well water or foods.
One of the most common cause of methemoglobinemia in infants is due to the ingestion of nitrates and nitrites through well water or foods. In fact, nitrates ( NO − 3 ), often present at too high concentration in drinkwater, are only the precursor chemical species of nitrites ( NO − 2 ), the real culprits of methemoglobinemia.
Heavy rains following a drought caused nitrates — byproducts of nitrogen-based fertilizers — to seep 33 feet under ... certain types of digestive cancers and methemoglobinemia in infants, also ...
Skin Contact: Causes irritation to skin. Symptoms include redness, itching, and pain. Eye Contact: Causes irritation, redness, and pain. Chronic Exposure: Under some circumstances methemoglobinemia occurs in individuals when the nitrate is converted by bacteria in the stomach to nitrite. Nausea, vomiting, dizziness, rapid heart beat, irregular ...
The mechanism by which sodium nitrite causes death is methemoglobinemia. [49] The oftentimes severe methemoglobinemia found in sodium nitrite poisoning cases results in systemic hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, and cyanosis. [50] The reported [51] signs of sodium nitrite poisoning are as follows:
Nitrate levels above 10 mg/L (10 ppm) in groundwater can cause "blue baby syndrome" (acquired methemoglobinemia). [18] Drinking water quality standards in the European Union stipulate less than 50 mg/L for nitrate in drinking water. [19] The linkages between nitrates in drinking water and blue baby syndrome have been disputed in other studies.
Nitrate can cause the reaction in the bloodstream, especially in babies." Actually Methemoglobinemia is caused by drinking water with elevated nitrite-nitrogen levels. Levels of nitrite associated with the reaction have not been documented - levels are transitory. The EPA nitrate criteria is a proxy for dealing with the nitrite concern.