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Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. [1] Psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens developed the best-known classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. [1][2] This framework of distinguishing ...
In statistics and applications of statistics, normalization can have a range of meanings. [1] In the simplest cases, normalization of ratings means adjusting values measured on different scales to a notionally common scale, often prior to averaging. In more complicated cases, normalization may refer to more sophisticated adjustments where the ...
Absolute scale. There is no single definition of an absolute scale. In statistics and measurement theory, it is simply a ratio scale in which the unit of measurement is fixed, and values are obtained by counting. [1] Another definition tells us it is the count of the elements in a set, with its natural origin being zero, the empty set. [2]
For example, count data requires a different distribution (e.g. a Poisson distribution or binomial distribution) than non-negative real-valued data require, but both fall under the same level of measurement (a ratio scale). Various attempts have been made to produce a taxonomy of levels of measurement.
An example scale showing power ratios x, amplitude ratios √ x, and dB equivalents 10 log 10 x ISO 80000-3 describes definitions for quantities and units of space and time. The IEC Standard 60027-3:2002 defines the following quantities.
Measurement uncertainty. In metrology, measurement uncertainty is the expression of the statistical dispersion of the values attributed to a quantity measured on an interval or ratio scale. All measurements are subject to uncertainty and a measurement result is complete only when it is accompanied by a statement of the associated uncertainty ...
The scale of a map is the ratio of a distance on the map to the corresponding distance on the ground. This simple concept is complicated by the curvature of the Earth 's surface, which forces scale to vary across a map. Because of this variation, the concept of scale becomes meaningful in two distinct ways.
Scale (ratio) The scale ratio of a model represents the proportional ratio of a linear dimension of the model to the same feature of the original. Examples include a 3-dimensional scale model of a building or the scale drawings of the elevations or plans of a building. [1] In such cases the scale is dimensionless and exact throughout the model ...