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The scientific study of the causes of developmental disorders involves many theories. Some of the major differences between these theories involves whether environment disrupts normal development, if abnormalities are pre-determined, or if they are products of human evolutionary history which become disorders in modern environments (see evolutionary psychiatry). [5]
Developmental disability is a diverse group of chronic conditions, comprising mental or physical impairments that arise before adulthood. Developmental disabilities cause individuals living with them many difficulties in certain areas of life, especially in "language, mobility, learning, self-help, and independent living". [1]
Physical deterioration to the body begins to increase in midlife and late life, and includes degeneration of muscle, bones, and joints. Sarcopenia , a normal developmental change, is the degeneration of muscle mass, which includes both strength and quality. [ 50 ]
In other childhood dementia disorders, early development may be slower than typical before declining. [12] This progressive decline causes difficulty concentrating, memory loss, confusion, and learning difficulties, [4] in addition to the loss of developmental skills acquired previously, such as: walking, talking, writing, reading, and playing.
Causes vary between the different types of disorders but most include damage to the memory portions of the brain. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Treatments depend on how the disorder is caused. Medication and therapies are the most common treatments; however, for some types of disorders such as certain types of amnesia , treatments can suppress the symptoms ...
Pediatric patients have unique characteristics and different clinical parameters for each age group; adult parameters and concepts cannot be applied to the pediatric patient. Children have greater compensatory mechanisms than adults and can maintain a normal blood pressure despite considerable loss of fluid.
Developmental delay is prevalent in approximately 1-3% of children under the age of 5 worldwide. [5] According to a systematic analysis done for a conducted study in 2016, there are approximately 52.9 million children worldwide under the age of 5 that are affected by some type of developmental delay or delayed milestone.
Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability (in the United Kingdom), [3] and formerly mental retardation (in the United States), [4] [5] [6] is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intellectual and adaptive functioning that is first apparent during childhood.