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Araucaria (/ æ r ɔː ˈ k ɛər i ə /; original pronunciation: [a.ɾawˈka.ɾja]) [2] is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the family Araucariaceae.While today they are largely confined to the Southern Hemisphere, during the Jurassic and Cretaceous they were globally distributed.
Araucaria angustifolia trees play a pivotal role in shaping the landscape and fostering ecological diversity in southern Brazilian highlands. These conifers act as a facilitator species , also known as nurse trees , significantly increasing species richness and abundance of other trees beneath their crowns.
Araucaria araucana, commonly called the monkey puzzle tree, monkey tail tree, piñonero, pewen or pehuen pine, is an evergreen tree growing to a trunk diameter of 1–1.5 m (3.3–4.9 ft) and a height of 30–40 m (98–131 ft).
Araucaria heterophylla (synonym A. excelsa) is a species of conifer. As its vernacular name Norfolk Island pine (or Norfolk pine ) implies, the tree is endemic to Norfolk Island , an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia .
Araucaria columnaris is a distinctive narrowly conical tree growing up to 60 m (200 ft) tall in its native habit. The trees have a slender, spire-like crown. [3] The shape of young trees strongly resembles A. heterophylla. The bark of the Cook pine peels off in thin paper-like sheets or strips and is rough, grey, and resinous. [3]
Araucariaceae is a family of conifers with three living genera, Araucaria, Agathis, and Wollemia.While the family's native distribution is now largely confined to the Southern Hemisphere, except for a few species of Agathis in Malesia, it was formerly widespread in the Northern Hemisphere during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.