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In humans, the pupil is circular, but its shape varies between species; some cats, reptiles, and foxes have vertical slit pupils, goats and sheep have horizontally oriented pupils, and some catfish have annular types. [3] In optical terms, the anatomical pupil is the eye's aperture and the iris is the aperture stop.
The pupil of the human eye can range in size from 2 mm to over 8 mm to adapt to the environment. The human eye can detect a luminance from 10 −6 cd/m 2, or one millionth (0.000001) of a candela per square meter to 10 8 cd/m 2 or one hundred million (100,000,000) candelas per square meter.
Humans, other primates, and dogs have round (spherical) pupils, which are useful for general all-round vision. Cats, snakes, crocodiles, and alligators have vertical slits which are useful for ...
This type of eye is common in mammals, including humans. The simplest eyes are pit eyes. They are eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angle of light that enters and affects the eye-spot, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light. [1] Eyes enable several photo response functions that are independent of vision.
Diagram of a human eye; note that not all eyes have the same anatomy as a human eye. The mammalian eye can also be divided into two main segments: the anterior segment and the posterior segment. [10] The human eye is not a plain sphere but is like two spheres combined, a smaller, more sharply curved one and a larger lesser curved sphere.
The visual system is the physiological basis of visual perception (the ability to detect and process light).The system detects, transduces and interprets information concerning light within the visible range to construct an image and build a mental model of the surrounding environment.
The human eye, showing the iris and pupil. In 1802, philosopher William Paley called it a miracle of "design."In 1859, Charles Darwin himself wrote in his Origin of Species, that the evolution of the eye by natural selection seemed at first glance "absurd in the highest possible degree". [3]
Ever wonder why seeing pictures of adorable puppies turns humans into piles of emotional mush? Stanford University Professor Robert M. Sapolsky looked into the phenomenon and came up with some ...