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In 800, Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope Leo III. Although historians debate the coronation's significance, the title represented the height of his prestige and authority. Charlemagne's position as the first emperor in the West in over 300 years brought him into conflict with the Eastern Roman Empire in Constantinople.
The coronation itself took place on a subsequent day. If the coronation was performed (as usual before 1562) at the Palatine Chapel at Aachen (now Aachen Cathedral), then the archbishop of Cologne, as local metropolitan, was the chief officiant and was assisted by the two other clerical electors, the archbishop of Mainz and the archbishop of Trier.
Behind Charlemagne, a child page holds the royal crown that he just took off to receive the imperial one. It is quite likely that the fresco refers to the Concordat of Bologna, negotiated between the Holy See and the kingdom of France in 1515, since Leo III is in fact a portrait of Leo X and Charlemagne a portrait of Francis I. [3]
The picture is anachronistic, since the crown was made a century and a half after Charlemagne's death. The crown of eight hinged golden plates was probably made in Western Germany for the Imperial coronation of Otto I in 962, [1] with what must be later additions which may have been made for Conrad II (since the arch is inscribed with the name ...
Pope Leo III (Latin: Leo III; died 12 June 816) was bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 26 December 795 to his death. Protected by Charlemagne from the supporters of his predecessor, Adrian I, Leo subsequently strengthened Charlemagne's position by crowning him emperor.
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These priceless objects date back hundreds of years and most are never used except for during this ancient ceremony.
The "iron nail" was found to be 99% silver, meaning the crown contains no iron. A note from the Roman Ceremonial of 1159 [citation needed] provides that the Iron Crown is so called "quod laminam quondam habet in summitate", stating that the iron was once laid over the crown (probably as an arch, as in other crowns of the era), not into it ...