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Symptoms of AVMs vary according to their location. Most neurological AVMs produce few to no symptoms.Often the malformation is discovered as part of an autopsy or during treatment of an unrelated disorder (an "incidental finding"); in rare cases, its expansion or a micro-bleed from an AVM in the brain can cause epilepsy, neurological deficit, or pain.
Small AVMs tend to bleed more often than do larger ones, the opposite of cerebral aneurysms. [29] If a rupture or bleeding incident occurs, the blood may penetrate either into the brain tissue ( cerebral hemorrhage ) or into the subarachnoid space , which is located between the sheaths (meninges) surrounding the brain ( subarachnoid hemorrhage ).
The length of the small intestine can vary greatly, from as short as 2.75 m (9.0 ft) to as long as 10.49 m (34.4 ft). [6] On average it is about 6.1 m (20 ft). [ 1 ] Due to this variation it is recommended that following surgery the amount of bowel remaining be specified rather than the amount removed.
The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) is a detailed hierarchical classification of all headache-related disorders published by the International Headache Society. [1] It is considered the official classification of headaches by the World Health Organization , and, in 1992, was incorporated into the 10th edition of their ...
An anatomic lead point (that is, a piece of intestinal tissue that protrudes into the bowel lumen) is present in approximately 10% of intussusceptions. [5] The lead point (best exemplified by a polyp) serves as a focal area of traction, which the peristaltic action pulls into the distal bowel, thus invaginating the attached bowel segment. [6]
Ogilvie syndrome, or acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, is the acute dilatation of the colon in the absence of any mechanical obstruction in severely ill patients. [1]Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction is characterized by massive dilatation of the cecum (diameter > 10 cm) and right colon on abdominal X-ray.
The treatment of intestinal ischemia depends on the cause and can be medical or surgical. However, if bowel has become necrotic, the only treatment is surgical removal of the dead segments of bowel. [34] In non-occlusive disease, where there is no blockage of the arteries supplying the bowel, the treatment is medical rather than surgical ...
If not diagnosed in utero, infants with intestinal atresia are typically diagnosed at day 1 or day 2 after presenting with eating problems, vomiting, and/or failure to have a bowel movement. [3] Diagnosis can be confirmed with an X-ray, and typically followed with an upper gastrointestinal series , lower gastrointestinal series , and ultrasound.