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2. Entropy - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy

   An air conditioner, for example, may cool the air in a room, thus reducing the entropy of the air of that system. The heat expelled from the room (the system), which the air conditioner transports and discharges to the outside air, always makes a bigger contribution to the entropy of the environment than the decrease of the entropy of the air ...

3. Heat pump and refrigeration cycle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump_and...

   Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]

4. Laws of thermodynamics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_thermodynamics

   where S is the entropy of the system, k B is the Boltzmann constant, and Ω the number of microstates. At absolute zero there is only 1 microstate possible ( Ω = 1 as all the atoms are identical for a pure substance, and as a result all orders are identical as there is only one combination) and ln ⁡ ( 1 ) = 0 {\displaystyle \ln(1)=0} .

5. Coefficient of performance - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_performance

   The coefficient of performance or COP (sometimes CP or CoP) of a heat pump, refrigerator or air conditioning system is a ratio of useful heating or cooling provided to work (energy) required. [1] [2] Higher COPs equate to higher efficiency, lower energy (power) consumption and thus lower operating costs. The COP is used in thermodynamics.

6. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating,_ventilation,_and...

   Central, "all-air" air-conditioning systems (or package systems) with a combined outdoor condenser/evaporator unit are often installed in North American residences, offices, and public buildings, but are difficult to retrofit (install in a building that was not designed to receive it) because of the bulky air ducts required. [32] (Minisplit ...

7. Vapor-compression refrigeration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapor-compression...

   A representative pressure–volume diagram for a refrigeration cycle. Vapour-compression refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system (VCRS), [1] in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air conditioning of buildings and automobiles.