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The military of the Zhou dynasty were the forces fighting under the Zhou dynasty (Chinese: 周朝; pinyin: Zhōu cháo), a royal dynasty of China ruling from c. 1046 BC until 256 BC. Under the Zhou, these armies were able to expand China's territory and influence to all of the North China plain.
A painting of a gentry scholar with two courtesans, by Tang Yin, c. 1500. The four occupations (simplified Chinese: 士农工商; traditional Chinese: 士農工商; pinyin: Shì nóng gōng shāng), or "four categories of the people" (Chinese: 四民; pinyin: sì mín), [1] [2] was an occupation classification used in ancient China by either Confucian or Legalist scholars as far back as the ...
The Zhou dynasty (/dʒoʊ/ JOH) was a royal dynasty of China that existed for 789 years from c. 1046 BC until 256 BC, the longest span of any dynasty in Chinese history. During the Western Zhou period ( c. 1046 – 771 BC), the royal house, surnamed Ji , had military control over territories centered on the Wei River valley and North China Plain .
Asking such a question was, at that time, a direct challenge to the power and authority of the reigning dynasty. At the time of King Nan of Zhou, the kings of Zhou had lost almost all political and military power, as even their remaining crown land was split into two states or factions, led by rival feudal lords: West Zhou, where the capital ...
The Warring States period in Chinese history (c. 475 – 221 BC) comprises the final centuries of the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046 – 256 BC), which were characterized by warfare, bureaucratic and military reform, and political consolidation.
The Zhou defeated the Shang at Muye and captured the Shang capital Yin, marking the end of the Shang and the establishment of the Zhou dynasty—an event that features prominently in Chinese historiography as an example of the Mandate of Heaven theory that functioned to justify dynastic conquest throughout Chinese history.
The Zhou dynasty grew out of a predynastic polity with its own existing power structure, primarily organized as a set of culturally affiliated kinship groups. The defining characteristics of a noble were their ancestral temple surname (姓; xíng), their lineage line within that ancestral surname, and seniority within that lineage line.
According to the Book of Xunzi on Military Affairs, elite armoured soldiers known as the Wei Wuzu from the state of Wei were capable of marching 100 li (41.6 km, based on the Eastern Zhou li) in one day while equipped with heavy armour, a helmet, a halberd, swords, a crossbow with 50 bolts, and three days of rations. [11] [12]