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Within vertebrates, examples of stable polyploidy include the salmonids and many cyprinids (i.e. carp). [52] Some fish have as many as 400 chromosomes. [52] Polyploidy also occurs commonly in amphibians; for example the biomedically important genus Xenopus contains many different species with as many as 12 sets of chromosomes (dodecaploid). [53]
Many organ systems are affected by triploidy, but the central nervous system and skeleton are the most severely affected: . Common central nervous system defects seen in triploidy include holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus (increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain), ventriculomegaly, Arnold–Chiari malformation, agenesis of the corpus callosum and neural tube defects.
Trisomy 21 – Down syndrome, an example of a polysomy at chromosome 21 Polysomy is a condition found in many species, including fungi, plants, insects, and mammals, in which an organism has at least one more chromosome than normal, i.e., there may be three or more copies of the chromosome rather than the expected two copies. [1]
The following is a list of genetic disorders and if known, type of mutation and for the chromosome involved. Although the parlance "disease-causing gene" is common, it is the occurrence of an abnormality in the parents that causes the impairment to develop within the child.
Karyotype of a human with Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). Trisomies can occur with any chromosome, but often result in miscarriage rather than live birth.For example, Trisomy 16 is most common in human pregnancies, occurring in more than 1%, but the only surviving embryos are those having some normal cells in addition to the trisomic cells (mosaic trisomy 16). [3]
Here are the symptoms to look for, plus how long you're contagious for, per an infectious disease doctor. Norovirus cases are surging in the US, the CDC says. Here are the symptoms to look for ...
Other symptoms: Ant bites are typically painful and itchy. In addition to the bites, fire ants use their stinger to inject a venom called solenopsin, which causes a burning sensation, Frye says.
Patau syndrome is a syndrome caused by a chromosomal abnormality, in which some or all of the cells of the body contain extra genetic material from chromosome 13.The extra genetic material disrupts normal development, causing multiple and complex organ defects.