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HIV is spread primarily by unprotected sex (including anal, and oral sex), contaminated blood transfusions, and hypodermic needles. It can also be spread from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding. [6] Some bodily fluids, such as saliva and tears, do not transmit HIV. [7]
The campaign seeks to spread the scientific evidence that undetectable means untransmittable. Since the beginning of the epidemic, perceptions and management of HIV infection have gone through many stages; from assuming the infectiousness, then discovering the routes of transmission (blood, sexual fluids, and breastfeeding), to prevention methods (education, condoms, PrEP, and PEP) and various ...
In most cases, HIV is a sexually transmitted infection and occurs by contact with or transfer of blood, pre-ejaculate, semen, and vaginal fluids. [5] [6] Non-sexual transmission can occur from an infected mother to her infant during pregnancy, during childbirth by exposure to her blood or vaginal fluid, and through breast milk.
HIV can be transmitted from an infected mother to the neonate in three circumstances: across the placenta during pregnancy (in utero), at birth due to fetal contact with infected maternal genital secretions and blood, or postnatally through the breast milk. [8] This type of viral transmission is also known of as vertical transmission.
HIV is now known to spread between CD4 + T cells by two parallel routes: cell-free spread and cell-to-cell spread, i.e. it employs hybrid spreading mechanisms. [95] In the cell-free spread, virus particles bud from an infected T cell, enter the blood/extracellular fluid and then infect another T cell following a chance encounter. [95]
Three women likely got HIV while receiving “vampire facials” at a New Mexico spa — the first known cases transmitted via cosmetic injections, a CDC report says.
In the past there have been cases of HIV transmission to an HIV-negative partner through processed artificial insemination, [121] but a large modern series in which followed 741 couples where the man had a stable viral load and semen samples were tested for HIV-1, there were no cases of HIV transmission. [122]
Magic Johnson revealed the advice Michael Jordan gave him after the Bulls pushed him around when he returned to the NBA in 1996 after a hiatus due to HIV.