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Sweden awards the licentiate degree as a two-year qualification at the doctoral level and the doctoral degree (PhD) as a four-year qualification. [39] Sweden originally abolished the Licentiate in 1969 but reintroduced it in response to demands from business. [40] Finland also has a two-year doctoral level licentiate degree, similar to Sweden's ...
The first research doctorate was the doctor of philosophy, which came to the U.S. from Germany, and is frequently referred to by its initials of Ph.D. As academia evolved in the country a wide variety of other types of doctoral degrees and programs were developed.
The tuition fee per annum for part-time PhD degrees are typically 50–60% of the equivalent full-time doctorate. [129] However, since the duration of a part-time PhD degree is longer than a full-time degree, the overall cost may be the same or higher. [130] The part-time PhD degree option provides free time in which to earn money for subsistence.
An academic doctorate such as the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is a terminal degree for expanding human knowledge through research and dissertation defense. A professional doctorate is a terminal degree for licensure in an occupation, such as the Doctor of Medicine (MD), Juris Doctor (JD), and Doctor of Engineering (EngD). [6]
These are fields of research-oriented doctoral studies, leading mostly to Ph.D.s – in the academic year 2014–15, 98% of the 55,006 research doctorates awarded in the U.S. were Ph.D.s; 1.1% were Ed.D.s; 0.9% were other research doctorates. [2]
In the U.S., MD–PhD training during medical school is extensive and lengthy, lasting eight or more years Traditional PhD training involves combining course content knowledge and research skills to produce original research, culminating in a doctoral dissertation. Typically, PhD-degree completion takes 4–6 years.