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One of the most common side effects of spironolactone is frequent urination. Other general side effects include dehydration, hyponatremia (low sodium levels), mild hypotension (low blood pressure), [86] ataxia (muscle incoordination), drowsiness, dizziness, [86] dry skin, and rashes.
Eplerenone is a newer drug that was developed as a spironolactone analog with reduced adverse effects. In addition to the y-lactone ring and the substituent on C-7, eplerenone has a 9α,11α-epoxy group. This group is believed to be the reason why eplerenone has a 20-40-fold lower affinity for the mineralocorticoid receptor than spironolactone. [7]
[10] Because these diuretics are weakly natriuretic, they do not cause clinically significant blood pressure changes and thus, are not used as primary therapy for hypertension. [11] They can be used in combination with other anti-hypertensives or drugs that cause hypokalemia to help maintain a normal range for potassium.
Common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with the use of eplerenone include: hyperkalaemia, hypotension, dizziness, and reduced renal clearance. [17] Eplerenone may have a lower incidence than spironolactone of sexual side effects such as feminization, gynecomastia, impotence, low sex drive and reduction of size of male genitalia. [18]
Spirolactones are a class of functional group in organic chemistry featuring a cyclic ester attached spiro to another ring system. The name is also used to refer to a class of synthetic steroids, called steroid-17α-spirolactones, 17α-spirolactosteroids, or simply 17α-spirolactones, which feature their spirolactone group at the C17α position.
The trial was stopped early because the beneficial effect of spironolactone on all-cause death exceeded the prespecified discontinuation requirements. Spironolactone reduced the risk of death by 30% compared to placebo. Additionally, there was a 35% reduction in the risk of hospitalization for worsening heart failure in the spironolactone group.
However, the dosages of spironolactone used in animals to produce progestogenic effects were very high (50–200 mg/kg/day in rabbits, 400 mg/day in rhesus monkeys). [118] In one study, the threshold dose by subcutaneous injection for endometrial transformation in rabbits was 0.003–0.01 mg for cyproterone acetate , 0.1–0.3 mg for ...
Description: Side effects of spironolactone (25–400 mg/day) with ≥1% incidence in a 2017 hybrid systematic review of clinical studies of spironolactone for acne in women. Side effects with <1% incidence included postural hypotension, depression, diarrhea, muscle pain, increased appetite, drowsiness, rashes/drug eruptions, chloasma-like skin ...