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Bitemporal hemianopsia is the medical description of a type of partial blindness where vision is missing in the outer half of both the right and left visual field. It is usually associated with lesions of the optic chiasm , the area where the optic nerves from the right and left eyes cross near the pituitary gland.
Paris as seen with bitemporal hemianopsia. A heteronymous hemianopsia is the loss of half of the visual field on different sides in both eyes. It is separated into two categories: Binasal hemianopsia – the loss of the fields surrounding the nose; Bitemporal hemianopsia – the loss of the fields closest to the temples.
Visual field-bitemporal hemianopia Visual field-binasal hemianopia. A lesion involving complete optic chiasm, which disrupts the axons from the nasal field of both eyes, causes loss of vision of the right half of the right visual field and the left half of the left visual field. [3] This visual field defect is called as bitemporal hemianopia.
Visual field loss in bitemporal hemianopsia: compression of the optic chiasm leads to a characteristic pattern of vision loss affecting the outer halves of each eye.
Melson's syndrome is a disorder that occurs in about one in four patients who have had both adrenal glands removed to treat extreme slackness. [1] In patients with pre-existing adrenocorticotropic hormone ()-secreting pituitary adenomas, loss of adrenal feedback following bilateral adrenalectomy can trigger the rapid growth of the tumor, leading to visual symptoms (e.g. bitemporal hemianopsia ...
A patient with pituitary adenoma may present with visual field defects, classically on the left and right in bitemporal hemianopsia. It arises from the compression of the optic nerve by the tumor. The specific area of the visual pathway at which compression by these tumours occurs is at the optic chiasm.
Lesions in the chiasm (e.g. Bitemporal hemianopia, loss of vision at the sides) Lesions after the chiasm (homonymous field defects like homonymous hemianopia, Quadrantanopia, homonymous scotomata) Other characterisations are: Altitudinal field defects, loss of vision above or below the horizontal meridian – associated with ocular abnormalities
Macular sparing can be determined with visual field testing.The macula is defined as an area of approximately + 8 degrees around the center of the visual field. [3] During examination, vision in an area of greater than 3 degrees must be preserved for a patient to be considered to have macular sparing because there is involuntary eye movement within 1 to 2 degrees.