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The ethmoid bone (/ ˈ ɛ θ m ɔɪ d /; [1] [2] from Ancient Greek: ἡθμός, romanized: hēthmós, lit. 'sieve') is an unpaired bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. It is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits. The cubical bone is lightweight due to a spongy construction.
The ethmoidal labyrinth or lateral mass of the ethmoid bone consists of a number of thin-walled cellular cavities, the ethmoid air cells, arranged in three groups, anterior, middle, and posterior, and interposed between two vertical plates of bone; the lateral plate forms part of the orbit, the medial plate forms part of the nasal cavity.
The frontonasal duct may or may not drain into the ethmoidal infundibulum - this is determined by the place of attachment of the uncinate process of the ethmoid bone: if the uncinate process is attached to the lateral nasal wall, the frontonasal duct will open directly into the middle nasal meatus; if otherwise, it will drain into the infundibulum.
The ethmoid air cells consist of numerous thin-walled cavities in the ethmoidal labyrinth [4] that represent invaginations of the mucous membrane of the nasal wall into the ethmoid bone. [3] They are situated between the superior parts of the nasal cavities and the orbits, and are separated from these cavities by thin bony lamellae. [4]
The orbital lamina of ethmoid bone (or lamina papyracea or orbital lamina) is a smooth, oblong, [citation needed] paper-thin [1] bone plate [citation needed] which forms the lateral wall of the labyrinth of the ethmoid bone. [1] It covers the middle and posterior ethmoidal cells, and forms a large part of [citation needed] the medial wall of ...
The cribriform plate is part of the ethmoid bone, which has a low density, and is spongy. [2] It is narrow, with deep grooves supporting the olfactory bulb. Its anterior border, short and thick, articulates with the frontal bone.
The floor (inferior wall) is formed by the orbital surface of maxilla, the orbital surface of zygomatic bone and the minute orbital process of palatine bone. Medially, near the orbital margin, is located the groove for nasolacrimal duct. Near the middle of the floor, located infraorbital groove, which leads to the infraorbital foramen.
The middle turbinates insert anteriorly into the frontal process of the maxilla and posteriorly into the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone. [1] There are three mutually perpendicular segments of the middle turbinate: from proximal to distal, there is the horizontal segment ( axial plane ), the basal lamella ( coronal plane ), and the ...