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Women are more likely than men to have side effects. [5] Some evidence shows interactions between lamotrigine and female hormones, which can be of particular concern for women on estrogen-containing hormonal contraceptives. Ethinylestradiol, an ingredient of such contraceptives, has been shown to decrease serum levels of lamotrigine. [58]
The first-line treatments for childhood absence epilepsy, valproate and ethosuximide, are both blockers of T-type calcium channels; the second-line treatment, lamotrigine, although not a T-type calcium channel blocker, does inhibit high-voltage activated calcium channels. [9]
Data from studies conducted on women taking antiepileptic drugs for non-epileptic reasons, including depression and bipolar disorder, show that if high doses of the drugs are taken during the first trimester of pregnancy then there is the potential of an increased risk of congenital malformations.
Women who intend to become pregnant should switch to a different medication if possible or decrease their dose of valproate. [23] Women who become pregnant while taking valproate should be warned that it causes birth defects and cognitive impairment in the newborn, especially at high doses (although valproate is sometimes the only drug that can ...
Valproate is known to cause serious abnormalities or birth defects in the unborn child if taken during pregnancy, [7] [8] and is contra-indicated for women of childbearing age unless the drug is essential to their medical condition and the person is also prescribed a contraceptive.
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Among bipolar patients taking anticonvulsants, those on lamotrigine have a better cognitive profile than those on carbamazepine, valproate, topiramate, and zonisamide. [ 36 ] Although decreased verbal memory and slowed psychomotor speed are common side effects of lithium use [ 37 ] [ 38 ] these side effects usually disappear after ...
Valproate pivoxil (Pivadin, Valproxen) is an anticonvulsant used in the treatment of epilepsy. [1] It is the pivaloyloxymethyl ester derivative of valproic acid . [ 2 ] It is likely a prodrug of valproic acid , as pivoxil esters are commonly employed to make prodrugs in medicinal chemistry.