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Most of these conditions are opportunistic infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that are normally controlled by the elements of the immune system that HIV damages. [11] These infections affect nearly every organ system. [citation needed] A declining CD4+/CD8+ ratio is predictive of the progression of HIV to AIDS. [12]
After the virus enters the body there is a period of rapid viral replication, leading to an abundance of virus in the peripheral blood. During primary infection, the level of HIV may reach several million virus particles per milliliter of blood. [2] This response is accompanied by a marked drop in the numbers of circulating CD4 + T cells.
HIV-associated pruritus is a cutaneous condition, an itchiness of the skin, that occurs in up to 30% of HIV infected people, occurs when the T-cell count drops below 400 per cubic mm. [1]: 417 See also
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also created a classification system for HIV, and updated it in 2008 and 2014. [115] [116] This system classifies HIV infections based on CD4 count and clinical symptoms, and describes the infection in five groups. [116] In those greater than six years of age it is: [116]
Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) is an extremely common disease that arises in AIDS patients and HIV-infected individuals. The condition is characterized by large purple lesions on the skin and mouth. KS presents itself differently for everyone affected by it, and its symptoms and progression varies from person to person as well. [5]
Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS) is a rare multi-system complication of HIV believed to occur secondary to an abnormal persistence of the initial CD8+ T cell expansion that regularly occurs in an HIV infection. [1]
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