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The death penalty was mandatory (although it was frequently commuted by the government) until the Judgement of Death Act 1823 gave judges the official power to commute the death penalty except for treason and murder. The Punishment of Death, etc. Act 1832 reduced the number of capital crimes by two-thirds.
[88] [104] Beheading was abolished in 1973, [105] although it had long been obsolete; the last person on British soil to be beheaded was Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat in 1747. The death penalty for treason was abolished by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998, enabling the UK to ratify protocol six of the European Convention on Human Rights in 1999 ...
The history of the English monarchy covers the reigns of English kings and queens from the 9th century to 1707. The English monarchy traces its origins to the petty kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England , which consolidated into the Kingdom of England by the 10th century.
The English Civil War began (see timeline of the English Civil War). 1649: January: Trial and execution of Charles I: 1649: Interregnum began with the First Commonwealth. 1650 4 November William III, the future king of England (r. 1689-1702), is born to parents William II of Orange and Mary of England. 1653–1659
By 1823, the Judgment of Death Act made the death penalty discretionary for most crimes, and by 1861, the number of capital offences had been reduced to five. The last execution in the United Kingdom took place in 1964, and the death penalty was abolished for various crimes in the following years.
The English monarchy was replaced with, at first, the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and then the Protectorate (1653–1659) under Cromwell's personal rule. [5] [6] Charles II was crowned at Westminster Abbey on 23 April 1661, following the Restoration of the monarchy. Following the death of Cromwell in 1658 a power struggle ensued.
This is a timeline of British history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in the United Kingdom and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of England, History of Wales, History of Scotland, History of Ireland, Formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and History of the United Kingdom
The history of the monarchy of the United Kingdom and its evolution into a constitutional and ceremonial monarchy is a major theme in the historical development of the British constitution. [1] The British monarchy traces its origins to the petty kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England and early medieval Scotland , which consolidated into the kingdoms ...