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  2. Guanosine triphosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanosine_triphosphate

    Guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) is a purine nucleoside triphosphate. It is one of the building blocks needed for the synthesis of RNA during the transcription process. Its structure is similar to that of the guanosine nucleoside , the only difference being that nucleotides like GTP have phosphates on their ribose sugar.

  3. Catastrophin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catastrophin

    Based on this GTP-cap model, catastrophe happens randomly. The model proposes that an increase in microtubule growth will correlate with a decrease in random catastrophe frequency or vice versa. The discovery of microtubule-associated proteins that change the rate of catastrophe while not impacting the rate of microtubule growth challenges this ...

  4. Microtubule nucleation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule_nucleation

    In cell biology, microtubule nucleation is the event that initiates de novo formation of microtubules (MTs). These filaments of the cytoskeleton typically form through polymerization of α- and β- tubulin dimers, the basic building blocks of the microtubule, which initially interact to nucleate a seed from which the filament elongates.

  5. Microtubule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule

    Microtubule polymers are extremely sensitive to various environmental effects. Very low levels of free calcium can destabilize microtubules and this prevented early researchers from studying the polymer in vitro. [12] Cold temperatures also cause rapid depolymerization of microtubules. In contrast, heavy water promotes microtubule polymer ...

  6. File : Schematic Diagram of Ziegler-Natta Polymerization.pdf

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Schematic_Diagram_of...

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  7. Tubulin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubulin

    The GTP molecule bound to the α-tubulin subunit is not hydrolyzed during the whole process. Whether the β-tubulin member of the tubulin dimer is bound to GTP or GDP influences the stability of the dimer in the microtubule. Dimers bound to GTP tend to assemble into microtubules, while dimers bound to GDP tend to fall apart; thus, this GTP ...

  8. Nucleoside triphosphate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleoside_triphosphate

    G proteins can bind either GDP or GTP. When bound to GDP, G proteins are inactive. When a ligand binds a GPCR, an allosteric change in the G protein is triggered, causing GDP to leave and be replaced by GTP. [39] GTP activates the alpha subunit of the G protein, causing it to dissociate from the G protein and act as a downstream effector. [39]

  9. Microtubule-associated protein 2 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule-associated...

    This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the microtubule-associated protein family. The proteins of this family were originally isolated since they copurify with tubulin in polymerization experiments: tubulin in cell extracts can be made to polymerize to produce microtubules (MT) under the influence of heat and the addition of GTP, and the MT can then be collected by centrifugation.