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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease resulting in damage to the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. [3] As a demyelinating disease , MS disrupts the nervous system's ability to transmit signals , resulting in a range of signs and symptoms , including physical, mental , and sometimes psychiatric problems.
There are three phases for how an unknown underlying condition may cause damage in MS: An unknown soluble factor (produced by CD8+ T-cells or CD20+ B-cells), creates a toxic environment that activates microglia. [5] [6] MRI-abnormal areas with hidden damage appear in the brain and spine (NAWM, NAGM, DAWM).
Main symptoms of multiple sclerosis Symptoms and findings in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis can cause a variety of symptoms varying significantly in severity and progression among individuals: changes in sensation (hypoesthesia), muscle weakness, abnormal muscle spasms, or difficulty moving; difficulties with coordination and balance; problems in speech or swallowing (), visual ...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) can be pathologically defined as the presence of distributed glial scars in the central nervous system that must show dissemination in time (DIT) and in space (DIS) to be considered MS lesions. [1] [2] The scars that give the name to the condition are produced by the astrocyte cells attempting to heal old lesions. [3]
Though MS was first defined by a neurologist in 1868, the medical community still doesn't know what causes it. The disease impacts the central nervous system—the brain, spinal cord, and optic ...
MS can be considered among the acquired demyelinating syndromes with a multiphasic instead of monophasic behaviour. [129] Multiple sclerosis has a prodromal stage in which an unknown underlying condition, able to damage the brain, is present, but no lesion has still developed.
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